The Paw Paw Tree (Asimina triloba): America's Tropical Treasure

The Paw Paw tree (Asimina triloba) is an extraordinary native fruit species that has captured the interest of scientists, horticulturalists, and fruit enthusiasts alike. Known for producing the largest edible fruit native to North America, the Paw Paw offers a creamy texture and tropical flavor profile reminiscent of banana, mango, and melon in its wild state, and through scientific developments and chance encounters in the wild, there are now Paw Paw’s who’s flavor profiles include coconut, vanilla, coffee, and caramelized sugar. Long overlooked in modern agriculture, the Paw Paw is now undergoing a renaissance thanks to improved cultivars and increased consumer awareness.

This article presents a comprehensive overview of Asimina triloba, focusing on its botanical characteristics, history, cultivation practices in USDA Zone 7 (especially in the Atlanta area), pollination needs, and economic and culinary potential. We will also highlight the work of modern breeders, particularly Neal Peterson, and the growing cultural importance of Paw Paw festivals across the United States. Chestatee Farms is proud to offer a curated selection of improved varieties in 3-gallon containers beginning in Spring 2026.

Botanical and Historical Background

Asimina triloba is a deciduous, understory tree native to the eastern United States. It typically grows in river valleys, floodplains, and rich bottomlands. The tree belongs to the Annonaceae family, which includes tropical fruits like cherimoya and soursop. Despite its tropical relatives, the Paw Paw is uniquely adapted to temperate climates and is hardy in USDA Zones 5 through 9.

Historically, Paw Paws were consumed by Native American tribes and early European settlers. The fruit was prized for its rich taste and nutritional content. Notable figures like George Washington reportedly enjoyed chilled Paw Paws as a dessert. However, with the rise of industrial agriculture and supermarket logistics, the Paw Paw's short shelf life and delicate skin caused it to fall out of commercial favor.

The Renaissance of the Paw Paw

Thanks to the dedicated efforts of horticulturists and fruit breeders, the Paw Paw is enjoying renewed interest. One of the most influential figures in this renaissance is Neal Peterson, a plant geneticist who spent decades evaluating thousands of seedlings to develop superior cultivars. His Peterson Paw Paws—including 'Shenandoah', 'Susquehanna', and 'Rappahannock'—offer larger fruit, better texture, improved shelf life, and fewer seeds.

Consumer interest has been spurred by the local food movement, regional food festivals, and increasing awareness of native plants. Paw Paw fruit is now featured in craft breweries, distilleries, bakeries, and farmers markets throughout the eastern U.S.

Cultivation in Zone 7 (Atlanta Area)

Climate and Site Selection

The Atlanta area (Zone 7) provides excellent conditions for Paw Paw cultivation. The tree prefers full sun once established but tolerates shade in its early years. Ideal planting sites have well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.

Pollination Requirements

Paw Paws are NOT self-pollinating. To ensure fruit set, plant at least two genetically distinct varieties within 15-25 feet of each other. Native pollinators include flies and beetles, though some growers assist with hand-pollination for better yields.

Soil Preparation and Fertilization

Prepare planting holes with compost-enriched soil. Mulch with wood chips to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize in spring with a balanced 10-10-10 fertilizer or a slow-release organic blend. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can damage young roots.

Watering and Pruning

Paw Paw trees need consistent moisture, especially in the first 2–3 years. Use drip irrigation or soaker hoses for deep watering. Minimal pruning is required. Remove dead or crossing branches in late winter and shape the tree for structural strength.

Pest and Disease Management

Paw Paws have few serious pests or diseases. Occasional issues include paw paw peduncle borer and leaf spot. Use organic sprays if needed and maintain air circulation through moderate thinning.

Harvesting Asimina triloba (Pawpaw): When and How

In the Atlanta area (USDA Zone 7), pawpaw fruit (Asimina triloba) typically ripens between late August and mid-September, depending on the variety and growing conditions. Since pawpaws are native understory trees, they are adapted to Southeastern climates and produce best when grown in full sun with adequate moisture. Harvesting at the right time is key to enjoying their custard-like texture and rich tropical flavor.

Pawpaws do not ripen all at once. Instead, individual fruits mature in succession over a 2–3 week window. In Zone 7, begin checking your trees for ripeness around mid-August, especially for early varieties like ‘NC-1’ or ‘Summer Delight’. Fruit should be yellow-green, give slightly under gentle pressure, and emit a strong, sweet aroma when fully ripe. A ripe pawpaw may drop from the tree on its own—but fallen fruit should be collected quickly, as it bruises and spoils easily.

For best results, gently twist or clip ripe fruit from the tree using clean shears. Avoid pulling, which can damage the thin skin or branches. Ripe pawpaws are soft and perishable—handle them like ripe peaches. Use shallow baskets or padded trays to prevent bruising during collection.

If the fruit is slightly underripe, it will continue ripening off the tree within 1–3 days at room temperature. Once ripe, pawpaw can be stored in a refrigerator for about one week after harvest. Varieties such as Shenandoah, Potomac, NC-1, Taytoo, Maria’s Joy, and Zimmerman can be stored in a refrigerator for up to 10-12 days. In Atlanta’s warm fall climate, monitor trees daily during harvest season.

Frequent harvesting ensures high fruit quality, prevents pest attraction, and preserves the health of your trees. With careful timing and handling, pawpaw season in the Atlanta area can be one of the most rewarding times of the gardening year.

Pawpaw fruit cross section

Culinary and Nutritional Uses

The custard-like flesh of Paw Paw is rich in protein, vitamins A and C, magnesium, potassium, and antioxidants. The fruit can be eaten raw, blended into smoothies, or used in baked goods such as pies, muffins, and ice cream. Paw Paw pulp freezes well, allowing for year-round use.

Innovative chefs and brewers incorporate Paw Paw into craft beer, liqueurs, custards, and even savory sauces. Its unique flavor adds exotic depth to both sweet and savory recipes.

Cultural Significance and Festivals

Several states now celebrate the Paw Paw with annual festivals, helping to preserve its heritage and promote local agriculture.

• Ohio: The Ohio Pawpaw Festival in Albany features music, crafts, beer, and cooking contests.

• Kentucky: Kentucky State University leads research and education efforts, hosting tastings and field days.

• West Virginia: Paw Paw District is named after the fruit, and community festivals honor its role in Appalachian culture.

• Maryland: Foraging walks and tastings highlight the fruit's resurgence.

These festivals attract thousands of visitors, foster agricultural tourism, and offer opportunities for local growers.

Neal Peterson: Pioneer of Modern Paw Paw Breeding

Neal Peterson is a cornerstone figure in modern Paw Paw history. Beginning his work in the 1970s, he collected wild specimens and evaluated over 1,500 seedlings. His breeding program emphasized texture, flavor, yield, and commercial viability.

The result was six named cultivars: 'Shenandoah', 'Susquehanna', 'Rappahannock', 'Allegheny', 'Potomac', and 'Wabash'. These have become standards in the industry and are praised for their superior qualities.

Peterson's legacy lives on in new hybrid programs and increased adoption among specialty fruit growers. His work underscores the potential of native plants in modern horticulture.

Chestatee Farms has teamed up with Neal Peterson and now carry his cultivar creations. We are the only grower in the State of Georgia to have this privilege.

Availability at Chestatee Farms

Chestatee Farms is proud to offer a premier selection of Paw Paw cultivars in 3-gallon containers for $75 each. Our plants are grown with care and selected for superior genetics. Beginning Spring 2026, customers can choose from over two dozen improved varieties—including some of Neal Peterson's finest selections.

To ensure fruiting success, we recommend planting at least two different varieties for proper cross-pollination.

The pawpaw tree typically has a naturally beautiful shape

Pawpaw Variety Profiles

Below is a list of varieties we will offer beginning Spring, 2026.

Asimina triloba 'Benny’s Favorite'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Large, oblong fruit with green skin and rich yellow flesh.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~8%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Yellow-green with slight speckling

Fruit Flavor: Tropical with mango-banana notes

Fruit texture: Smooth and custardy

Flesh color: Bright yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 10–14 oz

Fruit Production: High

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘NC-1’ or ‘Shenandoah’

Mature Annual Yield: 30–40 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 5.5–7.5

Soil Preference: Moist, well-drained loam

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Moderate

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Maroon with mild fermentation aroma

Shape or Form of tree: Upright, rounded crown

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Cox Favorite'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Oblong fruit with smooth skin and dense, sweet pulp.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~10%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Yellow-green with some brown speckling

Fruit Flavor: Sweet, with hints of vanilla and melon

Fruit texture: Dense and creamy

Flesh color: Light yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 8–12 oz

Fruit Production: Moderate to high

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with 'Benny’s Favorite' or 'NC-1'

Mature Annual Yield: 25–35 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 5.5–7.5

Soil Preference: Well-drained, fertile

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Moderate

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Purple-maroon, faint musk scent

Shape or Form of tree: Rounded, spreading

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Danae’s Creek Side'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Small to medium-sized with thin green skin and vibrant flavor.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~15–20%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Green turning light yellow-green

Fruit Flavor: Bright and fruity with tropical overtones

Fruit texture: Smooth and soft

Flesh color: Creamy yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 5–8 oz

Fruit Production: Consistent with good pollination

Pollination requirements: Plant with 'NC-1' or 'Overleese'

Mature Annual Yield: 20–30 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 5.5–6.8

Soil Preference: Moist, loamy soil

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Fair

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Maroon with mild fermented aroma

Shape or Form of tree: Rounded crown, slightly spreading

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Davis'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Long, cylindrical fruit with low seed count.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~6–8%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Greenish-yellow

Fruit Flavor: Mild and pleasant, banana-like

Fruit texture: Creamy and soft

Flesh color: Yellow-orange

Fruit size in oz.: 8–10 oz

Fruit Production: High

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Overleese’ or ‘NC-1’

Mature Annual Yield: 25–40 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 5–8

pH: 6.0–7.0

Soil Preference: Well-drained, loamy

Acid Soils Tolerance: Moderate

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Low

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Fair

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Poor

Flower Color & Fragrance: Dark maroon with earthy scent

Shape or Form of tree: Upright, compact

Growth Rate: Fast

Asimina triloba 'Georgia Co.'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Medium to large fruit, excellent flavor and native resilience.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~10–12%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Yellow-green with brown flecking

Fruit Flavor: Rich, mango-banana flavor with citrus hints

Fruit texture: Smooth and dense

Flesh color: Golden yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 10–13 oz

Fruit Production: Good

Pollination requirements: Pair with ‘Shenandoah’ or ‘NC-1’

Mature Annual Yield: 20–35 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun preferred

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 5.5–7.0

Soil Preference: Rich, moist, slightly acidic

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Low

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Dark purple, slight fragrance

Shape or Form of tree: Broad and open

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Halvin'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Plump fruit with excellent texture and complex flavor.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~10%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Yellowish-green with occasional blotching

Fruit Flavor: Sweet with caramel-banana tones

Fruit texture: Firm and creamy

Flesh color: Orange-yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 9–12 oz

Fruit Production: High

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Mango x Wabash’ or ‘NC-1’

Mature Annual Yield: 30–40 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun to partial shade

Hardiness Zones: 5–8

pH: 5.5–7.0

Soil Preference: Well-drained loam

Acid Soils Tolerance: High

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Low

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Deep maroon, mild scent

Shape or Form of tree: Tall and spreading

Growth Rate: Fast

Asimina triloba 'Honey Dew'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Round fruit with thin skin and bright flavor.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~12%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Yellow with faint green hues

Fruit Flavor: Fruity and sweet with melon undertones

Fruit texture: Light and smooth

Flesh color: Pale yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 7–10 oz

Fruit Production: Good

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Overleese’ or ‘NC-1’

Mature Annual Yield: 20–30 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 6.0–7.0

Soil Preference: Loamy, slightly acidic

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Fair

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Dark purple, floral aroma

Shape or Form of tree: Rounded and compact

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Kentucky Champion'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Large, productive fruit with bold flavor.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~8–10%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Green turning yellow

Fruit Flavor: Rich banana and tropical fruit flavor

Fruit texture: Creamy and firm

Flesh color: Bright yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 10–14 oz

Fruit Production: High

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘NC-1’ or ‘Shenandoah’

Mature Annual Yield: 35–45 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 5.5–7.0

Soil Preference: Fertile loam

Acid Soils Tolerance: High

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Moderate

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Fair

Flower Color & Fragrance: Maroon, earthy scent

Shape or Form of tree: Upright, rounded canopy

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Mango x Wabash (hybrid)'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Hybrid vigor, very large fruit with rich aroma.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~6–8%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Green with yellow hues

Fruit Flavor: Sweet mango-banana flavor

Fruit texture: Thick and smooth

Flesh color: Golden orange

Fruit size in oz.: 12–16 oz

Fruit Production: Excellent

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Halvin’ or ‘NC-1’

Mature Annual Yield: 40+ lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 5.5–6.8

Soil Preference: Moist, fertile soil

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Low

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Moderate

Flower Color & Fragrance: Purple, strong musky scent

Shape or Form of tree: Vigorous and upright

Growth Rate: Fast

Asimina triloba 'Maria’s Joy (syn. 166-13)'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Large, flavorful hybrid with smooth pulp.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~10%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Pale yellow-green

Fruit Flavor: Complex, tropical and sweet

Fruit texture: Dense and custard-like

Flesh color: Yellow-orange

Fruit size in oz.: 10–13 oz

Fruit Production: Good

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Overleese’ or ‘Shenandoah’

Mature Annual Yield: 30–40 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3 years

Light Exposure: Full sun to part shade

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 6.0–7.2

Soil Preference: Well-drained loam

Acid Soils Tolerance: High

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Low

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Dark maroon, mild scent

Shape or Form of tree: Rounded and spreading

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'NC-1'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Large Canadian selection with excellent flavor and texture.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~6–8%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Light green to yellow

Fruit Flavor: Banana-pineapple blend

Fruit texture: Smooth and custard-like

Flesh color: Deep yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 10–14 oz

Fruit Production: High

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Shenandoah’ or ‘Overleese’

Mature Annual Yield: 35–45 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 4–8

pH: 5.5–7.0

Soil Preference: Loamy, moist soil

Acid Soils Tolerance: High

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Low

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Maroon, musky scent

Shape or Form of tree: Broad and open

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Nyomi’s Delicious'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Very sweet, medium-large fruits with rich flavor.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~12%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Pale yellow with light freckles

Fruit Flavor: Sweet custard with citrus notes

Fruit texture: Creamy and dense

Flesh color: Light yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 9–11 oz

Fruit Production: Good

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘NC-1’ or ‘Potomac’

Mature Annual Yield: 25–35 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun preferred

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 5.8–7.0

Soil Preference: Rich, moist loam

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Moderate

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Moderate

Flower Color & Fragrance: Dark red, slightly fruity scent

Shape or Form of tree: Vigorous and upright

Growth Rate: Fast

Asimina triloba 'Overleese'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Classic cultivar with consistent fruiting and sweet flavor.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~10%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Green turning yellow

Fruit Flavor: Sweet and mild, melon-like

Fruit texture: Creamy, not too soft

Flesh color: Pale yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 8–12 oz

Fruit Production: Reliable

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Davis’ or ‘Shenandoah’

Mature Annual Yield: 30–40 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun or part shade

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 5.5–7.2

Soil Preference: Well-drained loam

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Moderate

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Dark maroon, earthy scent

Shape or Form of tree: Broad and spreading

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Potomac'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Large and flavorful fruit with excellent consistency.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~8%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Yellowish-green

Fruit Flavor: Bold and custardy, slightly tangy

Fruit texture: Smooth and thick

Flesh color: Golden yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 11–14 oz

Fruit Production: Good

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘NC-1’ or ‘Shenandoah’

Mature Annual Yield: 30–45 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 5–8

pH: 5.5–6.8

Soil Preference: Moist, rich soil

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Fair

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Moderate

Flower Color & Fragrance: Maroon-purple, strong scent

Shape or Form of tree: Upright oval

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Prima 1216'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: European selection, productive with good texture.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~10–12%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Bright yellow-green

Fruit Flavor: Tropical, citrusy with hints of pineapple

Fruit texture: Creamy and rich

Flesh color: Pale orange

Fruit size in oz.: 9–12 oz

Fruit Production: Very high

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘NC-1’ or ‘Overleese’

Mature Annual Yield: 40–50 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun preferred

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 6.0–7.5

Soil Preference: Loamy, well-aerated soil

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Low

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Fair

Flower Color & Fragrance: Deep purple, subtle aroma

Shape or Form of tree: Rounded and bushy

Growth Rate: Fast

Asimina triloba 'Rebecca’s Gold'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Golden-hued fruit, sweet and firm.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~10%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Bright yellow

Fruit Flavor: Honey-sweet with melon notes

Fruit texture: Firm and smooth

Flesh color: Bright yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 8–11 oz

Fruit Production: Good

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘NC-1’ or ‘Overleese’

Mature Annual Yield: 25–35 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun preferred

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 6.0–7.0

Soil Preference: Fertile, moist soil

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Low

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Fair

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Dark maroon, mild scent

Shape or Form of tree: Rounded and open

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Ruby Keenan'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Deep yellow fruit, fragrant and rich.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~12%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Golden green

Fruit Flavor: Vanilla-mango custard flavor

Fruit texture: Smooth and dense

Flesh color: Dark yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 9–12 oz

Fruit Production: Good

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Shenandoah’ or ‘NC-1’

Mature Annual Yield: 25–35 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 5.5–7.0

Soil Preference: Well-drained loam

Acid Soils Tolerance: High

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Low

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Maroon-purple, fragrant

Shape or Form of tree: Spreading and upright

Growth Rate: Fast

Asimina triloba 'Shenandoah'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Popular variety with excellent size and flavor.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~6%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Pale green

Fruit Flavor: Banana-mango custard flavor

Fruit texture: Dense and smooth

Flesh color: Bright yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 9–14 oz

Fruit Production: Very high

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Overleese’ or ‘NC-1’

Mature Annual Yield: 35–50 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 6.0–7.0

Soil Preference: Loamy and fertile

Acid Soils Tolerance: Excellent

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Fair

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: High

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Moderate

Flower Color & Fragrance: Dark maroon, pleasant musk

Shape or Form of tree: Upright and spreading

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Summer Delight'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Very sweet, early ripening fruit with soft texture.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~10%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Light yellow-green

Fruit Flavor: Sweet with peachy-mango notes

Fruit texture: Soft and smooth

Flesh color: Bright orange

Fruit size in oz.: 7–10 oz

Fruit Production: Good

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Rebecca’s Gold’ or ‘NC-1’

Mature Annual Yield: 25–35 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 6.0–7.2

Soil Preference: Moist, well-drained soil

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Low

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Purple-red, slight aroma

Shape or Form of tree: Compact and upright

Growth Rate: Fast

Asimina triloba 'Sweet Virginia'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Smooth-skinned fruit with rich custardy flavor.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~8%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Yellow-green with faint spots

Fruit Flavor: Sweet, custardy, tropical overtones

Fruit texture: Creamy and thick

Flesh color: Golden yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 9–13 oz

Fruit Production: High

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Toll Gate’ or ‘NC-1’

Mature Annual Yield: 35–45 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun preferred

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 5.8–7.0

Soil Preference: Loamy, moist soil

Acid Soils Tolerance: Excellent

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Low

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: High

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Maroon-purple, faint scent

Shape or Form of tree: Round and symmetrical

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Taytoo'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Medium-sized fruit with high flavor and firm pulp.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~10%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Pale yellow-green

Fruit Flavor: Fruity and nutty with tropical hints

Fruit texture: Firm and chewy

Flesh color: Deep yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 8–11 oz

Fruit Production: Moderate

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Shenandoah’ or ‘Overleese’

Mature Annual Yield: 25–30 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 6.0–7.2

Soil Preference: Rich, well-drained loam

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Moderate

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Fair

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Dark red, earthy scent

Shape or Form of tree: Upright and tall

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Toll Gate'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Large, dense fruits with robust flavor.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~8%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Yellow with some russeting

Fruit Flavor: Bold tropical flavor with sweetness

Fruit texture: Thick and creamy

Flesh color: Golden yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 11–14 oz

Fruit Production: High

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘NC-1’ or ‘Potomac’

Mature Annual Yield: 35–45 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 6.0–7.0

Soil Preference: Moist, loamy soil

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Fair

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Fair

Flower Color & Fragrance: Maroon, sweet scent

Shape or Form of tree: Spreading and vigorous

Growth Rate: Fast

Asimina triloba 'Tropical Treat'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Very fragrant fruit with unique flavor.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~12%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Bright yellow

Fruit Flavor: Guava, mango, and pineapple blend

Fruit texture: Silky and soft

Flesh color: Orange-yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 9–12 oz

Fruit Production: Good

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Overleese’ or ‘NC-1’

Mature Annual Yield: 30–35 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun or light shade

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 5.8–7.2

Soil Preference: Well-drained, fertile

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Low

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Purple, tropical fragrance

Shape or Form of tree: Round and compact

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'VE-21'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Very early ripening, sweet and consistent.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~10%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Green turning yellow

Fruit Flavor: Mildly tropical with pear notes

Fruit texture: Medium-soft, creamy

Flesh color: Light yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 7–10 oz

Fruit Production: Very reliable

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘NC-1’ or ‘Overleese’

Mature Annual Yield: 25–35 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 5–8

pH: 6.0–7.0

Soil Preference: Rich, moist soil

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Moderate

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Fair

Flower Color & Fragrance: Maroon, slight musk

Shape or Form of tree: Vigorous upright form

Growth Rate: Fast

Asimina triloba 'Yuri’s Russian'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Cold-hardy, unique flavor with firm flesh.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~11%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Pale yellow

Fruit Flavor: Banana with herbal notes

Fruit texture: Firm and meaty

Flesh color: Light orange

Fruit size in oz.: 8–10 oz

Fruit Production: Good

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Kentucky Champion’ or ‘NC-1’

Mature Annual Yield: 25–30 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 4–8

pH: 5.5–7.0

Soil Preference: Loamy, moist soil

Acid Soils Tolerance: Excellent

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Low

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Fair

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Low

Flower Color & Fragrance: Purple, faint scent

Shape or Form of tree: Slender and tall

Growth Rate: Moderate

Asimina triloba 'Zimmerman'

Botanical Family: Annonaceae

Fruit description: Well-rounded cultivar with excellent yield.

Percent seeds to fruit size: ~9%

Fruit’s skin color when ripe: Greenish-yellow

Fruit Flavor: Sweet, mild vanilla flavor

Fruit texture: Creamy and smooth

Flesh color: Pale yellow

Fruit size in oz.: 8–12 oz

Fruit Production: High

Pollination requirements: Cross-pollinate with ‘Overleese’ or ‘Shenandoah’

Mature Annual Yield: 35–45 lbs

Bearing age from graft: 3–4 years

Light Exposure: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 5–9

pH: 6.0–7.5

Soil Preference: Well-drained, loamy

Acid Soils Tolerance: Good

Alkaline Soils Tolerance: Moderate

Salt Spray Tolerance: Low

Drought Conditions Tolerance: Moderate

Poor Drainage Tolerance: Moderate

Flower Color & Fragrance: Purple-maroon, faint scent

Shape or Form of tree: Round and compact

Growth Rate: Moderate